Charge 1.6×10⁻⁷ C are distributed uniformly over the surface of spherical conductor of radius R. The ratio of electric potential inside the spherical conductor to the electric field on the surface is .

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(2) R. Given: a charge Q = 1.6×10⁻⁷ C spread uniformly over a conducting sphere of radius R. Idea: all the charge sits on the outer surface, and inside a conductor the field is zero, so the potential inside is constant and equal to its value at the surface. Potential inside: V = Q/(4πε₀ R). Field at the surface: E = Q/(4πε₀ R²). Dividing: V/E = Q/(4πε₀ R)×(4πε₀ R²)/Q = R. The factor Q/(4πε₀) is common to both, so the value of the charge never enters the answer. So the ratio is R, and it has the unit of length, as a potential divided by a field must.

Charge 1.6×10⁻⁷ C are distributed uniformly over the surface of spherical conductor of radius R. The ratio of electric potential inside the spherical conductor to the electric field on the surface is ________.

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