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The refractive index of medium-2 with respect to medium-1 is n₂₁. The angle of incidence for a ray is i and the angle of refraction is r. If n₂₁<1, then ________.

Asked in GSEB Board July 2022 · Snell's law, slabs and apparent depth

Answer: (4) r>i and the refracted ray bends away from the normal

Step-by-step solution

Given: n₂₁=(n₂)/(n₁)<1, so medium 2 is optically rarer than medium 1.

Idea: Snell's law in this notation is (sin i)/(sin r)=n₂₁.

With n₂₁<1 it follows that sin i<sin r.

Both angles lie between 0° and 90°, where the sine increases, so i<r, that is r>i.

A refracted ray at a larger angle to the normal has swung away from it.

This is the ordinary case of light leaving water or glass for air: it tilts away from the normal, and once i is large enough r reaches 90° and total internal reflection takes over.

Why the other options are wrong

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