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Asked in GSEB Board March 2022 · Magnetisation, intensity and susceptibility
Idea: two things compete inside a paramagnet. The applied field tries to line the atomic moments up; thermal agitation keeps knocking them out of line.
A stronger field aligns a bigger fraction of the moments, so the magnetisation grows with the field.
A higher temperature shakes the moments harder, so the same field aligns a smaller fraction and the magnetisation falls.
Experiment sums this up as Curie's law, M=CB/T, or equivalently χ=C/T, with T the absolute temperature.
So M is directly proportional to the applied field and inversely proportional to the absolute temperature.
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