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Asked in GSEB Board March 2023 · Relation between field and potential
Idea: the potential of a point charge is V = 1/(4πε₀)q/r, and it always falls along the direction of the field lines.
Figure (a), charge +q: P is nearer the charge than Q, so V_P > V_Q (going from P to Q we move with the field).
Hence V_Q - V_P is negative.
Figure (b), charge -q: A is nearer the charge than B, so V_A is more negative than V_B (going from B to A we move with the field).
Hence V_B - V_A is positive.
So the signs are negative, positive.
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