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A very long conducting wire is bent in a semi-circular shape from A to B as shown in the figure. The magnetic field at point P for the steady current configuration is given by

Asked in NEET 2023 · Arcs and combined shapes

Figure: Arcs and combined shapes
Answer: (2) (μ₀i)/(4R)[1-2/π] pointed away from page

Step-by-step solution

Given: two long straight sections along the same pair of horizontal lines, joined by a semicircle of radius R centred on P; A is directly above P and B directly below it.

Idea: add three contributions — the semicircle and the two semi-infinite straights, each with its own sign.

Semicircle: B=(μ₀i)/(4R). Running from A round the far side to B it circles P anticlockwise, so this points out of the page.

Each straight section ends on the perpendicular from P, so each gives B=(μ₀i)/(4π R).

The upper wire carries current towards A with P below it, and the lower carries current away from B with P above it; by the right-hand rule both point into the page.

Net: B=(μ₀i)/(4R)-2×(μ₀i)/(4π R)=(μ₀i)/(4R)[1-2/π].

Since 2/π≈0.64<1 the bracket is positive, so the result points out of the page.

Why the other options are wrong

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