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Asked in NEET 2021 · Dipole moment and dipole field
In a polar molecule the centre of the positive charge and the centre of the negative charge do not coincide, even with no field applied.
The molecule is still electrically neutral overall, but that permanent separation gives it a permanent electric dipole moment - water, ammonia and HCl are the standard examples.
A non-polar molecule has the two centres on top of each other, so its moment is zero until a field pulls them apart; the moment it then has is induced, and vanishes when the field is switched off.
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