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The refractive index of air with respect to vacuum is ______.

Asked in GUJCET 2023 · Snell's law, slabs and apparent depth

Answer: (3) 1.00029

Step-by-step solution

Idea: the refractive index of a medium with respect to vacuum is n = c/v, the speed of light in vacuum divided by its speed in the medium.

Air is extremely thin, so light is slowed only very slightly and n sits just above 1.

The measured value at ordinary temperature and pressure is 1.00029.

That is why air is treated as 1 in school calculations, while the tiny excess is exactly what produces atmospheric refraction -- the sun seen a little before it has actually risen.

So the refractive index of air with respect to vacuum is 1.00029.

Why the other options are wrong

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