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The figure shows an electric field in which an electric dipole ⃗p is placed. Which of the following statements is correct?

Asked in GSEB Board March 2023 · Torque, energy and work done

Figure: Torque, energy and work done
Answer: (1) The dipole will experience a net force towards the left

Step-by-step solution

Given: field lines that spread apart from left to right and point to the right; the dipole lies along the central line with -q on the left and +q on the right, so ⃗p points along ⃗E.

Idea: the field is stronger where the lines are closer together, so here the field E₁ at -q is larger than the field E₂ at +q.

Force on -q: qE₁ to the left (opposite to ⃗E). Force on +q: qE₂ to the right.

Net force = q(E₁ - E₂) to the left, since E₁ > E₂.

In general, a dipole lined up with a non-uniform field is pulled towards the region where the field is stronger.

So the dipole experiences a net force towards the left.

Why the other options are wrong

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